During psychotherapy, patient and therapist tend to spontaneously synchronize their vocal pitch, bodily movements, and even their physiological processes. In the present article, we consider how this pervasive phenomenon may shed new light on the therapeutic relationship– or alliance– and its role within psychotherapy. We first review clinical research on the alliance and the multidisciplinary area of interpersonal synchrony. We then integrate both literatures in the Interpersonal Synchrony (In-Sync) model of psychotherapy. According to the model, the alliance is grounded in (...) the coupling of patient and therapist’s brains. Because brains do not interact directly, movement synchrony may help to establish inter-brain coupling. Inter-brain coupling may provide patient and therapist with access to another’s internal states, which facilitates common understanding and emotional sharing. Over time, these interpersonal exchanges may improve patients’ emotion-regulatory capacities and related therapeutic outcomes. We discuss the empirical assessment of interpersonal synchrony and review preliminary research on synchrony in psychotherapy. Finally, we summarize our main conclusions and consider the broader implications of viewing psychotherapy as the product of two interacting brains. (shrink)

Development of an animal embryo involves the coordination of cell divisions, a variety of inductive interactions and extensive cellular rearrangements. One of the biggest challenges in developmental biology is to explain the relationships between these processes and the mechanisms that regulate them. Teleost embryos provide an ideal subject for the study of these issues. Their optical lucidity combined with modern techniques for the marking and observation of individual living cells allow high resolution investigations of specific morphogenetic movements and the construction (...) of detailed fate maps. In this review we describe the patterns of cell divisions, cellular movements and other morphogenetic events during zebrafish early development and discuss how these events relate to the formation of restricted lineages. (shrink)

Cet article cherche à revenir sur la notion de beauté conçue comme « liberté des apparences » proposée par Schiller dans Callias ou de la beauté (1793), contre l’opposition de la pensée pré-moderne et moderne qui opposent de manière radicale la nature et la liberté. L’idée de Schiller que la beauté naturelle de la nature résulte de la liberté permet de résoudre cette opposition, comme le confirme la science moderne. L’article défend cette idée comme une manière souhaitable d’échapper aux cloisements (...) des modernes. (shrink)

In addition to discussing some philosophical accounts of common sense, this article considers several ways in which common sense can be altered or disturbed in psychopathology. Common sense can be defined as practical understanding, capacity to see and take things in their right light, sound judgment, or ordinary mental capacity. The philosopher Vico described it as the ability to distinguish the probable from the improbable. Goethe understood common sense as an "organ" that is formed in communication for the purpose of (...) communication. Common sense is rooted in the intersubjective constitution of the life-world. Obsessive-compulsive patients show relatively mild disturbances of common sense. Patients with major affective psychoses, in their premorbid personality structure, are overly attached to common sense. In schizophrenia, however, there seems to be a true abdication of common sense involving a loss of "natural self-evidence." Even in premorbid states, such persons often lose both the sense of tact and the ability to "take things in their right light." Although logic, and the ability to engage in theoretical discussion, may be preserved, there is a loss of interpretive skills and the "faculty of judgment"; this results in an inability to cope with everyday practical and social activity. There is also a characteristic sense of perplexity, a sense of amazement before that which would normally seem self-evident and a frequent tendency to reflect upon the conditions of possibility of existence that otherwise remain concealed. The author suggests that the fragility of common sense should not be seen as a mere deficiency state. Rather, it derives from a basic vulnerability inherent in the very structure of being human. (Abstract written by special issue editor: L.A.S.). (shrink)

Es gibt Eigenschaften, die in ihren empirischen Vorkommnissen gradativ sind, wie z.B. die Eigenschaften, etwas zu wissen und mächtig zu sein] d.h. man kann mehr oder weniger wissen, jemand ist mächtiger oder weniger mächtig als sein Gegenüber usw. usf. Dieser Aufsatz versucht Eigenschaftsexemplifikationen im Bereich von empirischen (Minima und) Maxima an Beispielen von Macht und Wissen dahingehend zu analysieren, ob sie tatsächlich dieselben Eigenschaften wie die durch Standardbeispiele aus dem "mittleren Bereich" definierten (Begriffe von) Eigenschaften betreffen. Es werden Argumente für (...) die Auffassung vorgelegt, im (Grenz-)Bereich der Minima und Maxima (wenigstens der Beispieleigenschaften) gebe es Fälle, wo es sich nicht (mehr) um dieselbe Eigenschaft handeln kann. Paradox formuliert: Es gibt Eigenschaften, deren Maxima (oder Minima) nicht mehr dieselbe Eigenschaft sind. (shrink)

Es gibt Eigenschaften, die in ihren empirischen Vorkommnissen gradativ sind, wie z.B. die Eigenschaften, etwas zu wissen und mächtig zu sein] d.h. man kann mehr oder weniger wissen, jemand ist mächtiger oder weniger mächtig als sein Gegenüber usw. usf. Dieser Aufsatz versucht Eigenschaftsexemplifikationen im Bereich von empirischen (Minima und) Maxima an Beispielen von Macht und Wissen dahingehend zu analysieren, ob sie tatsächlich dieselben Eigenschaften wie die durch Standardbeispiele aus dem "mittleren Bereich" definierten (Begriffe von) Eigenschaften betreffen. Es werden Argumente für (...) die Auffassung vorgelegt, im (Grenz-)Bereich der Minima und Maxima (wenigstens der Beispieleigenschaften) gebe es Fälle, wo es sich nicht (mehr) um dieselbe Eigenschaft handeln kann. Paradox formuliert: Es gibt Eigenschaften, deren Maxima (oder Minima) nicht mehr dieselbe Eigenschaft sind. (shrink)

The paper identifies some of the problems with legal systems and outlines the potential of AI technology for overcoming them. For expository purposes, this outline is based on a simplified epistemology of the primary functions of law. Social and philosophical impediments from the side of the legal community to taking advantage of the potential of this technology are discussed and strategic recommendations are given.

Einführungs- und Übersichtsliteratur -- Zeittafel -- Personen- und Namenregister -- Sachregister sowie Liste griechischer und lateinischer Voces.

(Statement of Responsibility) by Timothy S. Huebner.

_The Incident at Antioch_ is a key play marking Alain Badiou's transition from classical Marxism to a "politics of subtraction" far removed from party and state. Written with striking eloquence and extraordinary poetic richness, and shifting from highly serious emotional and intellectual drama to surreal comic interlude, the work features statesmen, workers, and revolutionaries struggling to reconcile the nature and practice of politics. This bilingual edition presents _L'Incident d'Antioche_ in its original French and, on facing pages, an expertly executed English (...) translation. Badiou adds a special preface, and an introduction by the scholar Kenneth Reinhard connects the play to Paul Claudel's _The City_, Saint Paul and the early history of the Church, and the innovative mathematical thinking of Paul Cohen. The translation includes Susan Spitzer's extensive notes clarifying allusions and quotations and hinting at Badiou's intentions. An interview with Badiou encompasses the play's settings, themes, and events, as well as his ongoing literary and conceptual experimentation on stage and off. (shrink)

L-effect algebras are introduced as a class of L-algebras which specialize to all known generalizations of effect algebras with a \-semilattice structure. Moreover, L-effect algebras X arise in connection with quantum sets and Frobenius algebras. The translates of X in the self-similar closure S form a covering, and the structure of X is shown to be equivalent to the compatibility of overlapping translates. A second characterization represents an L-effect algebra in the spirit of closed categories. As an application, it is (...) proved that every lattice effect algebra is an interval in a right \-group, the structure group of the corresponding L-algebra. A block theory for generalized lattice effect algebras, and the existence of a generalized OML as the subalgebra of sharp elements are derived from this description. (shrink)

A complete recursive description of noetherian linear _KL_-algebras is given. _L_-algebras form a quantum structure that occurs in algebraic logic, combinatorial group theory, measure theory, geometry, and in connection with solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation. It is proved that the self-similar closure of a noetherian linear _KL_-algebra is determined by its partially ordered set of primes, and that its elements admit a unique factorization by a decreasing sequence of prime elements.